Mastering Pizza: Stone and Paddle Cooking Guide
Intro
In the realm of home cooking, few culinary tools can elevate a pizza's quality like a pizza stone and paddle cooking set. These essential items serve to capture the authentic experience of crafting delicious pizzas. This guide sets out to explore the materials and construction of these tools, detailing their significance in achieving a crisp crust and perfectly melted cheese.
Understanding the intricate relationship between the pizza stone and the cooking paddle enhances a cook's ability to create quality dishes. Whether you are a novice cook experimenting with your first homemade pizza or a seasoned chef honing your techniques, knowledge of these tools is necessary. This article aims to unravel the mysteries behind pizza stones and paddles, offering insight into their various functionalities, user techniques, and maintenance tips to ensure optimal performance.
The journey begins with a thorough examination of the components that make up a pizza stone and paddle set, moving into practical discussions on how to effectively use them in everyday cooking.
Foreword to Pizza Stones and Paddle Cooking Sets
The art of pizza making transcends mere cooking; it embodies a blend of science and tradition. Understanding how pizza stones and paddle cooking sets contribute to this craft is essential for anyone aspiring to create the perfect pizza at home. This section highlights the significance of these tools, their diverse benefits, and important considerations surrounding their use.
Historical Significance in Pizza Making
Pizza has a rich history, originating from ancient civilizations that used hot stones to bake bread. In Italy, the development of the pizza as we know it today involved baking on stone surfaces in wood-fired ovens. The traditional method allowed for intense heat, essential for creating the perfect crust. As pizza spread globally, the adaptation of cooking methods became necessary due to different oven types and heat sources. The pizza stone serves as a link to this history, allowing modern cooks to replicate those high-temperature conditions, essential for achieving authentic flavors and textures.
Understanding the Basics of Pizza Stones
A pizza stone is typically made of ceramic, cordierite, or sometimes even steel. Its primary role is to retain and evenly distribute heat during the cooking process. This ensures that the pizza cooks uniformly, preventing soggy bottoms and unevenly cooked toppings. When preheated, the pizza stone mimics the cooking environment of a traditional pizza oven.
When considering a pizza stone, it is critical to look for one with sufficient thickness, as this contributes to heat retention. A thicker stone can hold heat longer and provide a better crust. Additionally, surface texture can influence results; some surfaces allow for better moisture absorption, affecting overall pizza texture.
Overview of Paddle Cooking Sets
A paddle, often referred to as a pizza peel, is an essential tool for transferring pizzas in and out of the oven safely. It is usually made from wood or metal, each material possessing its advantages. Wooden paddles tend to be lighter and provide a non-stick surface while metal paddles allow for quicker movements and can hold up better under extreme heat.
In using a paddle, the size and shape matter:
- A larger paddle can accommodate bigger pizzas.
- A longer handle allows for safer maneuvering in hot environments.
The efficiency of transferring pizzas can greatly enhance the cooking experience, ensuring that the pizza remains on the paddle long enough to avoid stickiness but not so long that it cools down. Combining the proper tools will make every step of pizza making smoother and more enjoyable.
Materials and Construction
In the exploration of pizza stones and paddle cooking sets, the materials and construction used in these tools play a crucial role. Selecting the right substance impacts cooking efficiency, durability, and, ultimately, the quality of pizza produced. Different materials possess unique properties that can enhance the cooking experience, making it essential to consider them carefully.
Common Materials for Pizza Stones
Clay
Clay is a traditional choice for pizza stones. Known for its ability to retain heat, it creates a consistent cooking surface. This characteristic is vital in achieving the correct cooking temperature necessary for perfect pizza. Clay's porous nature allows it to absorb moisture, which helps in forming a crispy crust. However, clay pizza stones can be fragile and may crack under sudden temperature changes, which makes handling them with care crucial. Overall, clay pieces deliver authentic cooking results, making them a popular choice among pizza enthusiasts.
Steel
Steel pizza stones are gaining popularity due to their robustness and durability. Unlike clay, steel heats up faster and retains heat effectively, resulting in shorter cooking times. This material is also less prone to cracking. However, steel pizza stones can require more attention in managing the heat, as they can overheat quickly with extended use. The quick heat transfer enhances the crust’s texture, providing a chewy and desirable characteristic. Thus, they suit those looking for a crispier finish.
Cordierite
Cordierite pizza stones offer a blend of benefits from both clay and steel. This material is known for its thermal stability, which ensures it can handle high temperatures without cracking. Cordierite can absorb moisture very well, similar to clay, helping create a perfectly baked crust. Additionally, the stone has good heat retention, further promoting an even cooking process. While generally more expensive than other options, cordierite's durability and effectiveness make it a wise investment for serious cooks.
Paddle Material Considerations
Wood vs. Metal
Choosing between wood and metal paddles requires understanding their respective traits. Wooden paddles are less likely to scratch the pizza stone's surface and have a natural aesthetic appeal. Additionally, they are generally lighter, making it easier for handling pizzas. However, they can absorb moisture and odors, which affects their longevity. On the other side, metal paddles offer strength and are easier to clean, maintaining hygiene better over time. The main downside is the potential for scratching or damaging the pizza stone. Each type provides distinct advantages that could suit different cooking styles and preferences.
Thickness and Durability
The thickness of a paddle significantly influences its performance. Thicker paddles provide more sturdiness and can handle larger pizzas without bending. They also distribute weight more evenly, preventing tips and spills. However, they may be Iess maneuverable. On the flip side, thinner paddles can be easier to maneuver in tight spaces, allowing for a smoother operation. User experience should determine whether thick or thin is preferable, depending on individual needs for maneuverability versus stability.
"Understanding materials not only improves your pizza-making experience but also enhances the quality of the final product."
Benefits of Using a Pizza Stone
Using a pizza stone is a fundamental practice for anyone serious about achieving high-quality pizza at home. This section reviews the primary advantages that a pizza stone brings to the cooking process. These benefits range from cooking efficiency to enhanced flavor, impacting not just the quality of the pizza but also the overall cooking experience.
Achieving Optimal Cooking Temperature
One of the main advantages of a pizza stone is its ability to retain and distribute heat evenly. Traditional ovens can have hot spots, which mean that not all parts of the pizza cook uniformly. A pizza stone mitigates this issue. When preheated, the stone can reach temperatures that mimic those of a professional pizza oven. This effect is crucial for replicating that classic pizzeria style, which relies on high heat. The resulting temperature can range between 450°F and 500°F (232°C and 260°C). In this environment, the pizza cooks faster, which is important for a crispy crust and melty toppings.
Enhancing Crust Texture
The crust is often considered the soul of any pizza. A pizza stone significantly enhances crust texture in a few ways. First, the heat retention feature allows for the bottom of the pizza to crisp without overcooking other ingredients. A stone absorbs moisture, which is essential for reaching that perfect balance between chewy and crispy. Different types of stones, such as cordierite or ceramic, can also contribute to distinct textures based on their heat-conduction properties. When using a stone, pizza enthusiasts can expect a crust that is characterized by a delightful crunch on the outside while remaining soft and chewy on the inside.
Absorption of Excess Moisture
Another key benefit of utilizing a pizza stone is its ability to absorb excess moisture during cooking. Many pizzas, especially those loaded with toppings, can release juices as they bake. This moisture can lead to a soggy crust, a common complaint among home pizza makers. The porous nature of materials like cordierite allows the stone to soak up this moisture, ensuring that the bottom of the pizza remains dry and crunchy. This aspect is particularly beneficial when using fresh ingredients such as tomatoes or vegetables, which can release significant water during the cooking process. With a pizza stone, cooks can enjoy a well-structured pizza that holds up to hearty toppings without falling apart.
Utilizing the Paddle for Efficient Cooking
The paddle is an essential tool when it comes to cooking pizza efficiently. Its primary role is to aid in the easy transfer of the pizza from the preparation area to the hot pizza stone, as well as managing the pizza while it bakes in the oven. A well-designed paddle can greatly reduce the risk of mishaps such as pizza sticking or breaking apart while being moved, which can lead to uneven cooking or an unsatisfactory presentation.
Using the paddle correctly can significantly enhance the cooking experience. Not only does it facilitate a smoother workflow, but it also minimizes the time the door of the oven is open, allowing for better heat retention. Achieving perfectly cooked pizza relies heavily on maintaining optimal temperature and managing airflow.
Transferring Pizzas to the Stone
Transferring pizzas to the stone requires precision and some technique. Start by lightly dusting the paddle with flour or cornmeal. This will help prevent the pizza from sticking. Once the pizza is assembled, gently slide it onto the paddle. Ensure that the pizza is centered and there are no overly heavy toppings on one side.
When ready to transfer, swiftly and confidently tilt the paddle at a slight angle toward the hot stone. A quick motion is key to avoiding any drooping or potential tear of the pizza dough. If the pizza does stick, a gentle shake of the paddle may be necessary to free it. Quick transfers also help in keeping the temperature of the stone consistent.
Managing Pizzas in the Oven
Once the pizza is on the stone, managing its position is crucial for even cooking. Pizzas can sometimes slide or drift during baking due to heat or moisture. Use the paddle to rotate the pizza about halfway through the cooking time. This simple action allows for uniform cooking of the crust and toppings.
Monitoring the pizza is also important for achieving desired doneness. Keep an eye on the crust turning golden brown and the cheese bubbling. Depending on individual preferences for crust texture, adjusting the pizza’s position can help achieve the perfect balance of crispy edges and melty toppings.
Tip: Always wear heat-resistant gloves when handling the paddle to prevent burns.
Understanding how to efficiently utilize the paddle not only enhances the cooking process but also ensures your pizzas turn out delicious and appealing. With practice, these techniques will become second nature, allowing for a seamless pizza-making experience.
Preparing the Pizza for Cooking
Preparing the pizza before cooking is a critical step that influences the final outcome. This stage involves meticulous attention to both the dough and toppings. Making the right decisions at this phase can significantly enhance the flavor and texture of the pizza.
Dough Considerations
The foundation of any good pizza is its dough. Making the right dough requires careful consideration of ingredients, hydration levels, and fermentation time.
- Ingredient Quality: Using high-quality flour will affect the dough’s elasticity and flavor. Types of flour such as "00" flour or bread flour are often preferred for their protein content.
- Hydration Level: A higher hydration dough typically results in a lighter, airier crust. However, it can be more challenging to work with, especially for beginners.
- Kneading: Kneading activates gluten, which gives the dough strength. Proper kneading techniques are essential to create a uniform texture that can hold toppings without becoming soggy.
- Fermentation: Allowing the dough to ferment adequately develops its flavor and texture. An overnight rise in the refrigerator can bring out complex flavors and improve the structure.
Getting these elements right will ensure that the base is both resilient and capable of holding toppings without collapsing.
Toppings Distribution and Effect
The way toppings are applied can make or break the finished pizza. An even layer helps ensure consistent cooking and flavor.
- Base Layer: Begin with a thin layer of sauce to avoid excessive moisture that can lead to a soggy crust. Consider using a simple tomato sauce for classic flavors.
- Cheese Placement: Distributing cheese evenly across the surface not only supports other toppings but also contributes to a pleasing melty texture. Types of cheese like mozzarella and provolone are popular choices.
- Topping Quantity: Less is often more. Overloading with toppings can lead to uneven cooking and a heaviness that detracts from the pizza experience. Aim for balance.
- Herbs and Seasonings: Adding fresh herbs or spices can enhance flavor greatly. Placing these on top of the cheese will allow them to infuse the dish as it cooks.
When done correctly, the toppings will complement the dough beautifully, leading to a well-structured, flavorful pizza that delights all who taste it.
Proper preparation of the pizza before cooking ensures not just aesthetics but also functionality in achieving that perfect bake.
Cooking Techniques
Understanding and mastering cooking techniques is crucial for achieving the perfect pizza at home. Cooking techniques directly influence the texture, flavor, and overall experience of the pizza. Using a pizza stone and paddle correctly can significantly enhance the final product. The right techniques ensure that the dough cooks evenly, toppings meld beautifully, and the crust reaches an ideal crispness. Failing to apply proper cooking methods may lead to disappointing results, which can be easily avoided with a bit of knowledge.
Preheating the Stone
Preheating the pizza stone is an essential step in the pizza-making process. It allows the stone to absorb heat uniformly, which in turn contributes to even cooking of the dough. A well-preheated stone can reach temperatures upwards of 500°F (260°C), facilitating optimal bake times. This high heat promotes the Maillard reaction, which is key for achieving a tasty golden-brown crust.
To preheat the stone effectively:
- Place the stone in a cold oven before turning it on. This prevents thermal shock, which could crack the stone.
- Set your oven to the desired temperature and allow it to heat for at least 30 minutes to 1 hour. Patience is key here; a properly heated stone will make a noticeable difference.
- Use an infrared thermometer to check the stone's temperature if you have one. Ideal cooking can only begin once the stone reaches the required heat level.
The preheating phase can significantly affect the moisture retention of the dough, reducing sogginess. It helps in the creation of a crispier crust and prevents sticking to the surface.
Baking Temperature Guidelines
Baking temperature is another vital aspect that directly influences the pizza-making experience. Each style of pizza may require different temperatures for optimal results, but certain benchmarks can guide you in the right direction.
- Neapolitan pizza generally requires temperatures between 750°F (399°C) to 900°F (482°C). This high heat cooks the pizza in around 90 seconds.
- New York-style pizza is best baked at 475°F (245°C) to 500°F (260°C), cooking in around 10 to 15 minutes.
- Deep-dish pizza usually needs lower temperatures, around 400°F (204°C), and bakes for longer, about 25 to 30 minutes.
Here are some important considerations when determining your baking temperature:
- Oven type: Conventional ovens may not reach the high temperatures of pizza ovens. Adjust your expectations and baking times accordingly.
- Stone temperature: Ensure the stone is preheated as discussed earlier. If the stone isn't ready, your pizza will cook unevenly.
- Toppings: The nature of the toppings also affects baking. Heavier toppings may need longer baking times at slightly lower temperatures to ensure the crust cooks thoroughly.
If things do not seem to go well during the baking process, adjusting temperature might lead to better outcomes. Understanding these guidelines will help you explore an array of flavors and textures, enhancing your pizza cooking skills.
"The taste of a pizza is as much about the cooking technique as it is about the ingredients used."
By adhering to these techniques, you can elevate your pizza-making game and ensure that each creation is both delicious and satisfying.
Post-Cooking Maintenance
Proper post-cooking maintenance is crucial when using a pizza stone and paddle cooking set. Ensuring these tools are well cared for extends their lifespan and enhances their performance. A neglected pizza stone can accumulate residues that affect future cooking, while a poorly maintained paddle can warp or become unsanitary. Understanding how to clean and care for both items will yield more consistent cooking results and safeguard your investment.
Cleaning the Pizza Stone
Cleaning a pizza stone requires caution. Unlike typical kitchenware, most pizza stones are not designed to be soaked or cleaned with soaps. The porous nature of the stone means it can absorb unwanted flavors and odors from harsh cleaning agents. To maintain the stone:
- Allow the stone to cool completely after use. This prevents any thermal shock that can crack it.
- Use a spatula or a brush to remove any stuck bits of food. A metal spatula may be effective here, just be careful not to gouge the surface.
- For tough stains or residue, you can dampen a cloth and gently wipe the surface. Avoid excessive moisture that can seep into the stone.
- After cleaning, let the stone dry completely before storing it away.
Cleaning correctly will ensure that the flavors of your pizza remain pure and unfettered by remnants of past meals.
Caring for the Paddle
Caring for the paddle is also essential for ensuring its longevity. Paddles, especially wooden ones, require special attention:
- After use, wash the paddle promptly with warm water. Avoid immersing it in water, which can cause warping.
- Use a mild soap if necessary, but rinse thoroughly to ensure no residue remains.
- Dry the paddle completely with a clean towel; leave it in a well-ventilated area to air dry unless it is made of metal.
- For wooden paddles, consider applying a food-safe mineral oil occasionally. This prevents cracking and keeps the wood hydrated.
Regular care of both the pizza stone and paddle will facilitate a great cooking experience and ensure that they are ready for your next culinary endeavor.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Understanding and resolving common issues that arise when using a pizza stone and paddle is crucial for achieving the desired results in pizza making. Many home cooks face obstacles that can compromise the overall texture and flavor of their pizzas. By identifying these issues early, cooks can adapt their techniques, enhance their skills, and ultimately produce better pizzas. This section aims to explain common problems related to pizza cooking and provide practical solutions to help elevate your pizza-making experience.
Soggy Crust Problems
One of the most frustrating issues that pizza makers encounter is a soggy crust. This problem often occurs when excess moisture gets trapped in the dough during baking. Common reasons for soggy crust include:
- Too much sauce: Applying an overly generous amount of sauce can lead to moisture accumulation. It’s essential to strike a balance; a thin, even layer of sauce is preferred.
- Wet toppings: Ingredients like fresh tomatoes or watery vegetables can also introduce excess moisture. To prevent sogginess, consider pre-cooking certain toppings or draining excess liquid beforehand.
- Insufficient preheating: If the pizza stone is not thoroughly preheated, it cannot absorb moisture effectively, causing the crust to remain soft. Ensure that your stone is heated properly, typically for at least thirty minutes.
To rectify sogginess, start by adjusting the quantity of sauce and toppings used. If you find that issues persist, you might try pre-baking the crust for a few minutes before adding your toppings. This will firm up the base and create a stable platform for the other ingredients. Ultimately, monitoring moisture levels will be key to achieving that perfect, crispy crust.
Burnt Toppings Explanation
On the opposite end of the spectrum lies the issue of burnt toppings. This concern often stems from high cooking temperatures or improper positioning within the oven. Factors contributing to burnt toppings include:
- Excessive heat: If your pizza stone reaches temperatures that are too high, the toppings can burn before the dough has had sufficient time to cook through.
- Placement in the oven: The location of the pizza stone can also affect cooking. If placed too close to the heating element, the toppings may cook unevenly, leading to burning.
- Sugar content in toppings: Certain toppings, especially those containing sugar, are more prone to charring. Monitoring these ingredients can help significantly.
To avoid burnt toppings, consider lowering the oven temperature slightly and adjusting the cooking time. Additionally, using a thermometer can help ensure that you are cooking at the ideal temperature for both the dough and the toppings. Monitoring the progress of the pizza while it bakes will allow you to make adjustments as needed for optimal results.
"Mastering the balance of heat, moisture, and ingredient preparation is crucial in pizza making. By troubleshooting common issues, cooks can refine their pizza-making techniques."
Comparative Analysis of Alternative Cooking Methods
When it comes to making pizza, the choice of cooking method is crucial. Each method has its own strengths and weaknesses, affecting the final product in various ways. This section will analyze two popular methods: using a traditional oven and outdoor pizza ovens. Understanding these comparisons can help a cook decide the best approach for achieving their ideal pizza.
Traditional Oven vs. Pizza Stone
A traditional oven can be found in most households and is often the first choice for many home cooks. However, relying solely on a conventional baking tray does not yield the same results as using a pizza stone.
- Heat Retention: Pizza stones are designed to absorb and retain heat. This feature ensures an even cooking temperature throughout, contributing to a uniformly cooked crust. In contrast, a traditional oven may not distribute heat as effectively, leading to inconsistent cooking.
- Crust Texture: The ability of a pizza stone to draw moisture away from the dough results in a crisply baked crust. Conventional baking methods may not achieve this texture, often yielding a softer and potentially soggier base.
- Preheating Time: Pizza stones typically require preheating. This step is essential for maximizing the stone's heat retention properties. Traditional ovens also require preheat, but the time taken can vary significantly, affecting preparation efficiency.
- Versatility: Both methods serve a purpose in the kitchen. A pizza stone is specifically designed for pizza, while a traditional oven can be used for a variety of dishes. However, using a stone elevates the pizza-making experience.
"A pizza stone can transform a good pizza into a great one through its unique ability to cook evenly and enhance crust texture."
Outdoor Pizza Ovens
Outdoor pizza ovens are increasingly popular among serious pizza enthusiasts. Their design specifically promotes high-heat cooking, similar to that found in traditional pizzerias.
- High Temperatures: Outdoor pizza ovens can achieve temperatures well above those of conventional ovens and pizza stones. These extreme heat levels are vital for quickly cooking the pizza, leading to a perfectly charred crust.
- Wood-Fired Flavor: Many outdoor ovens use wood as a fuel source, imparting a distinct smoky flavor to the pizza. This flavor profile is difficult to replicate in indoor ovens.
- Cooking Time: Pizzas cook quicker in outdoor ovens, often in just 90 seconds to two minutes. This efficiency is a significant advantage for large gatherings or events.
- Space and Setup: While outdoor pizza ovens offer many advantages, they also require adequate outdoor space and a proper setup. They are often more expensive and less convenient than traditional options.
Recipes for Pizza Success
Understanding and utilizing effective pizza recipes is crucial for any enthusiast looking to master the art of pizza making. Recipes not only guide ingredient amounts but also help highlight the unique flavors and techniques that can elevate your pizza experience. The quality of the dough, selection of toppings, and proper baking methods all contribute significantly to the end result. This section will explore two pivotal recipes that every home cook should consider—Classic Margherita Pizza and some Gourmet Variations.
Classic Margherita Pizza
The Classic Margherita Pizza is often considered the benchmark for pizza excellence. Its simplicity allows the quality of each ingredient to shine through. The essential components include a well-prepared dough, fresh tomato sauce, mozzarella cheese, and fragrant basil leaves.
Key Ingredients:
- Dough: Use high-protein flour for better gluten development.
- Tomato Sauce: San Marzano tomatoes are recommended for their sweetness and low acidity.
- Mozzarella: Opt for fresh mozzarella for richer flavor.
- Basil: Fresh basil gives an aromatic touch that enhances the overall taste.
Preparation Steps:
- Make the Dough: Combine flour, water, yeast, and salt. Knead and let rise.
- Prepare the Sauce: Blend the tomatoes until smooth; season with salt.
- Assemble: Spread the sauce over the rolled-out dough, add sliced mozzarella, and sprinkle with basil.
- Bake: Preheat your pizza stone and cook until the crust is golden and cheese is bubbly.
The Margherita captures the essence of pizza with its perfect balance of flavors and textures. It is a great starting point for beginners, as it teaches proper dough handling and baking techniques.
Gourmet Variations
Once the classic has been mastered, exploring gourmet variations can showcase creativity and personal taste. These pizzas allow for more adventurous toppings and combinations. Here are a few ideas to get started:
- Prosciutto and Arugula: Top a classic base with thinly sliced prosciutto and fresh arugula after baking.
- Truffle and Mushroom: Use a white sauce as a base and top with a mix of wild mushrooms and truffle oil.
- Spicy Pepperoni and Jalapeños: Combine spicy pepperoni with fresh jalapeños for a kick.
- Four Cheese: Blend mozzarella, gorgonzola, parmesan, and goat cheese for a rich flavor profile.
These gourmet variations not only allow for diverse flavors but also challenge cooks to experiment with ingredient pairings. The possibilities are endless when using a pizza stone and paddle set, making it a valuable addition to any kitchen.
*Mastering these recipes will lead to a profound understanding of flavors, textures, and techniques that define great pizza.*
In summary, the section on recipes emphasizes the importance of foundational recipes while encouraging creativity. Whether sticking to the classic or venturing into gourmet options, each choice can deepen appreciation for this timeless dish.
Epilogue
In the context of pizza cooking, the conclusion serves as a vital synthesis of the preceding sections. It encapsulates the essence of the guide and reaffirms the importance of utilizing pizza stones and paddle cooking sets in achieving culinary success. Knowledge of materials and methods comes together in this final section, emphasizing the significance of proper techniques, maintenance, and addressing common issues. By employing a pizza stone, anyone can enhance the cooking experience and enjoy superior outcomes.
Recap of Key Insights
The discussion throughout this article highlights several important elements regarding pizza stones and paddles:
- Materials Matter: The choice of materials, such as clay, steel, or cordierite for pizza stones, affects heat retention. Paddles made of wood or metal add further layers of interaction with the cooking process.
- Temperature and Texture: Achieving the right temperature and understanding how different elements like moisture affect pizza crusts is crucial.
- Efficient Techniques: Proper techniques for transferring and managing pizzas show that preparation stems from both theory and practice.
- Ongoing Care: Cleaning and maintaining these tools is equally important to ensure longevity and optimal performance.
Final Recommendations for Home Cooks
For home cooks eager to improve their pizza-making skills, consider these final recommendations:
- Invest in Quality: Choose high-quality pizza stones and paddles. Durable materials will enhance performance and make the cooking process easier.
- Practice Techniques: Regular practice with the transfer and handling of pizzas can lead to greater confidence and better results.
- Experiment: Don't hesitate to try different doughs and toppings. Exploring variations can lead to innovative pizza creations.
- Engage with Community: Joining forums or groups on platforms like Reddit or Facebook can provide additional support and ideas.
"Mastering the art of pizza cooking is not only about the right tools, but also about understanding the science behind them."
